Masisi, the epicenter of AFC/M23 - FARDC clashes over its resources

For several months, Masisi in North Kivu province has experienced clashes between Congolese armed forces, their Wazalendo allies, and the AFC/M23 rebel coalition, especially around Ngungu, Rubaya, Nyabiondo, and the Pinga axis. The area is strategically significant due to its mineral resources, including coltan in Rubaya, which has been under AFC/M23 control for nearly two years, as well as its agricultural and pastoral lands. Rivalries also persist in other mineral-rich zones like Kirambo, known for rubies and tourmaline, fueling ongoing violence.