Multinationals linked to smuggled coltan from Rubaya under AFC-M23 (Global Witness)

Thousands of tons of coltan from the Rubaya mining site, under the control of the AFC-M23 coalition, are fueling the supply chains of major multinationals, according to a Global Witness report. The ore is smuggled to Rwanda, where its traceability is lost. At least five of the seven main Rwandan coltan exporters reportedly sourced conflict minerals, sold to smelters in China and Kazakhstan. Sony, Microsoft, Amazon, LG, Nvidia, Ericsson, Toyota, and Vodafone are named as potentially linked to this supply chain.