Record number of conflicts in 2025, including 29 in Africa

In 2025, the world experienced the highest number of interstate conflicts since World War II, with 65 conflicts involving at least one state, according to the annual 'Conflict Trends' report by the Oslo Peace Research Institute. Africa remained the most affected region with 29 conflicts. Eight interstate conflicts were recorded, double the number in 2024, including border clashes between India and Pakistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan, Cambodia and Thailand, as well as Russia's invasion of Ukraine and Israeli military operations against Syria. The year 2025 was the third deadliest since World War II.