What is the FDLR, and why does its anti-Tutsi ideology endure?

Four former senior officers of the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), interviewed by Al Jazeera at Rwanda’s Mutobo demobilisation centre, say the group was shaped by an ideology that portrayed Tutsis as enemies. Former Major General Anastase Munyaneza said Tutsis were described as “snakes” that should be killed before they could bite. The former officers say these ideas were reinforced by Rwandan political and military institutions before the 1994 genocide and persisted among those who fled to then-Zaire, now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The FDLR’s presence in eastern DRC remains a regional security concern and a point of contention between Kigali and Kinshasa.