Why the Madlanga Commission cannot arrest witnesses who ignore subpoenas

On October 4, 2026, the Madlanga Commission faces challenges in enforcing subpoenas, notably with North West businessman Suliman Carrim, who failed to appear despite multiple notices and claims of ill health. Unlike Jacob Zuma, who was jailed for contempt after refusing to testify before the Zondo Commission, the Madlanga Commission has not yet taken legal action to compel witnesses. This raises questions about the effectiveness of coercive measures against witnesses who ignore subpoenas. The decision not to pursue Carrim legally highlights a limitation in enforcing compliance within this inquiry.