Biofuels and oil insecurity: what the evidence suggests about agriculture powering mobility

Recent military conflicts in the Middle East have highlighted the vulnerability of modern economies to disruptions in global oil supply. Developing countries, particularly in South and Southeast Asia, face immediate consequences, with rising oil prices leading to higher transportation costs and increased fiscal pressure. Biofuels, especially ethanol derived from agricultural crops, may provide a pathway to reduce oil dependence in the transport sector.