United States sanctions Rwandan entities over alleged support for the FRN/M23

On October 28, the United States announced sanctions against Rwanda’s Ministry of Defence and Zigama Credit and Savings Society, which is accused of facilitating Rwanda’s financial and logistical support for the AFC/M23 coalition. The U.S. Treasury says the Rwanda Defence Force continues to provide military support to the armed movement active in eastern DR Congo; affected assets in the United States or held by U.S. persons have been frozen. Washington is demanding that Rwanda end all support for the M23, now known as the Front for the Refoundation of the Nation (FRN), and withdraw its troops from Congolese territory. The measures are framed as support for the peace agreements signed by Kinshasa and Kigali on December 4, 2025, and for stability in the Great Lakes region.