Japan passes legislation banning violation of national flag

Japan's parliament has enacted a controversial law introducing criminal penalties for desecrating the national flag, part of Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi's drive to promote traditional patriotism. Violators face up to two years in prison or a fine of 200,000 yen. Exemptions cover physical paintings, digital media, and miniature paper flags. Critics argue the vaguely worded law threatens freedom of speech.